![弹在膛上:一个维和士兵的战地纪实](https://wfqqreader-1252317822.image.myqcloud.com/cover/637/23734637/b_23734637.jpg)
关于作者
杨华文,内蒙古呼伦贝尔人。1986年出生,2004年入伍,毕业于中国人民解放军国防科技大学。历任排长、宣传干事、组织干事,现为解放军某部纪律检查干事,上尉军衔。2013年12月至2014年9月,以首批赴马里维和部队警卫分队政工干事身份到马里执行维和任务,亲历并记录了维和行动。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0003_0001.jpg?sign=1738982854-wZQC53IQHHwkMmxp3RZZqIeMZy0X5qci-0-f3363aec19e5e883f2348b0edfd61344)
尼日尔步兵营的士兵正在“俱乐部”看电视,房间内部设施很简陋
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0003_0002.jpg?sign=1738982854-QyKTmSYHnbtagx11ZgawMcLXitYophYa-0-6858a26abfacd1b358094c6c333698cf)
尼日尔官兵正在祷告。这种宗教仪式的作用类似于中国军队的政治教育
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0004_0001.jpg?sign=1738982854-sebr3EH29uC7CXzE5ym42HCzz7tiNtiC-0-5b5e62972cf990fc222c4b3e8d936108)
一名卢旺达警察帮着中国士兵装沙箱。卢旺达警察营是驻加奥所有非洲维和部队中内务最整洁、着装最统一的。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0004_0002.jpg?sign=1738982854-DWPOjZd6kNC8qAx8AifnRWsG65UlX6iJ-0-76b5e750ea4cf00281fc82230ecf4182)
这是准备去前线作战的乍得士兵,车上挂了很多火箭弹
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0005_0001.jpg?sign=1738982854-ATFgKWRNeMCYebf1JeZ1AQaxMjlCQZEu-0-95ac8277a1d336feb622b6f73dd53b0f)
中国警卫全副武装迎接“联马团”司令卡佐拉检阅
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0005_0002.jpg?sign=1738982854-SfFdd5ySaJqwJacXs4gJk4C019MpIxwF-0-9491e011859c48c4909d8d0ed66992c8)
卢旺达警察营沿着加奥主干道游行,纪念卢旺达大屠杀。游行获得了各国维和部队和加奥人民的大力支持
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0006_0001.jpg?sign=1738982854-2N7x8DGFvhddASwcbkQQQX1wSoldvWcj-0-02fa47e8c191634b63e6cb7e972fb784)
警卫一排的一辆步战车正在为荷兰工兵作业区进行警戒,作业可休息,警戒却全时存在
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0006_0002.jpg?sign=1738982854-Ysb8LRvgu9amHXrUDPXWSh5yZksUABxq-0-ce20e9cc9976a68b0d11905cc0f4b02b)
卡斯特营区在一望无际的沙漠里,哨兵又干又热
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0007_0001.jpg?sign=1738982854-95bxSJ18WWmTJy0BgYbI2dmoROkdKlFi-0-6be0b3abc908a5068e4cd2145e5054d6)
荷兰特种分队官兵被中国维和营区的标语吸引。所有标语都是用中英两种文字制作的,既有教育官兵作用,又有对外宣传目的
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0007_0002.jpg?sign=1738982854-45h8oN32T3fwTSK3kHTADC9rGJpdijSv-0-dbd51f7971249ee42ac92ff80e09972e)
每次出入卡斯特营区大门,荷兰哨兵都会对中国军人致以军礼。他们对中国军人为其提供防卫充满感激
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0008_0001.jpg?sign=1738982854-KbG4k6tHHn8pZCoy8cemyFcIK3cI7k6t-0-fc02c04cc24b6a1876dc51738c82b605)
荷兰部队实现了高度的军民融合,企业跟到了战场上
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0008_0002.jpg?sign=1738982854-OVSehy1Bu3ZB7WT1wUFCEMv1L99e90zQ-0-6fe52c11a4430bd373040ae1a750e47e)
荷兰维和部队新老指挥官以钥匙为信物进行权力交接。这位新指挥官是任务区唯一的女指挥官
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小切磋增进大友谊。荷兰军人还是很好相处的,很随和、很幽默,而且偶尔还会搞些恶作剧
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0010_0001.jpg?sign=1738982854-KQ7FANM6mox6PLi8NktewNjpI7pMymwh-0-3aa6855fbc589dcf44d1766b3abf1587)
法军的“潘哈德”步战车小巧轻便,皮实耐用非常适合沙漠地形,是法国人的骄傲
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从飞机上俯瞰马里北部地区,植被稀少
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牛角瓜叶子被弄破后,涌出白色浆液,具有消炎抗菌、化痰等药用价值
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0012_0001.jpg?sign=1738982854-ci9T2yfgQEr3qIVdpPegHqHrCu3pdI7r-0-ec19d179ee016c1e64b4790b763a0e94)
尼日尔河有丰富的渔业资源,沿河百姓可以靠捕鱼养家糊口
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0012_0002.jpg?sign=1738982854-kkX75Q39SnhPQ6CpgHrCItYVykZY5wGL-0-cf7bc974261f0c0e128f316b8cbde702)
枯水期,百姓抢割尼日尔河的水草,用来制成牲畜饲料
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0013_0001.jpg?sign=1738982854-qaoZIX3WmPxavEHNBcrpJo9Osomy9iTD-0-954b16d42f64a7f873c6edcb81df8f7f)
尼日尔河沿岸气温高、水分足,蔬菜生长得非常快
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0013_0002.jpg?sign=1738982854-BTCNSrjGgb2Y6DFY3tIumaApDqD70d9V-0-69ac039a5224f37bc914ae51e8baa35d)
尼日尔河边的马军哨位非常简陋,就是个窝棚,完全没有防弹能力
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0014_0001.jpg?sign=1738982854-WlriZctZf1YnAi2KXipgx91W9EAitgY8-0-ee4d39b928e39868adbef256f3291a0e)
人都活得如此艰难,何况驴。装满水泥的车深陷在沙子里,“驴”失前蹄,栽倒在路上
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0014_0002.jpg?sign=1738982854-AshZZbIEHAiYuI9ZryLCCLGanNk91FOZ-0-d877c9dc0e2bf44ebf55fef2d0a62652)
即便是一动不动,哨兵也是汗流浃背。幸好我们在国内集训时经历了耐热训练
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0015_0001.jpg?sign=1738982854-xpgYX8qW3kqjB9YJhjd9uZpGKUcK6MXd-0-9d2e48f5d3b4ff709249f89115305b7d)
这个小瓦罐凝结了当地百姓的生存智慧,透气不透水,可以通过蒸发水汽自降温度
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0015_0002.jpg?sign=1738982854-XuNqhMThsVeqctKoBap86SptutB08b3n-0-7107e8112b1c1ea3b413bd2a25127773)
这种泥土房的学名叫西非泥造建筑,表面经过防水处理,主体是混合的泥层,不怕烈日晒,不怕暴雨淋
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0016_0001.jpg?sign=1738982854-Ch2zIOxYfkREFa2X2wmZirSzZQWUzqeU-0-1cc03d0b268de3fd541ab33dad2669ff)
旱季来临,口渴的织雀倒立在水龙头下喝水,虽有翅膀,但它们不会飞离巢穴太远
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0016_0002.jpg?sign=1738982854-9wzyM4ITmSLXdVWm0qQUEaJZcfzBZAg5-0-e2669e01714b077da46a020b1fd4bf24)
沙暴前沿景象,5分钟后天就“黑”了,一丝光亮都没有
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沙暴过境,哨兵只能通过具有夜视功能的监控来观察
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0017_0002.jpg?sign=1738982854-2W2QWsw4Z7jBWkfyT7zM0vFR9Eb4egom-0-9169ea9fa4e74b1bc290e24a25c206e1)
每周六是装备保养日,战士们要将枪械内的泥沙清理干净,而后在关键部位擦上少许的枪油,防止沾沙
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0018_0001.jpg?sign=1738982854-5eXG5eWBZjj7WqJEwD1Z6eJkaxGBth9E-0-35ecb5fda1a75239bc62f7ac62d9323a)
经常能够看到孩子照看孩子的现象,大人们为了生存拼搏,家庭重担过早地分担到大一点的孩子肩上
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0018_0002.jpg?sign=1738982854-jmUikwsyHjFkJEqeS7hK5VyHu6MP6de9-0-b739a083250dcdf08d4dea855e8a96ea)
这是潜伏在暗处、一动不动的狙击手王长军。对于狙击手来说,隐蔽是和射击同等重要的一项技能