1．元音及混淆元音辨别

英语共有20个元音音标，分别是：

■ 英语元音音标发音方法如下：

[i:] 发音方法：嘴唇微张，舌尖抵住下齿，口形扁平，嘴角向两侧张开，长音。

练习：bee, eat, feet, piece, keep, team, sea, meet, meat, tree

see, teeth, need, beef, cheese, seat, leaf, reason, tea, bean

east, read, field, yield, receive, key, been, belief

[I] 发音方法：舌尖抵下齿，舌两侧抵住上齿两侧,发音短促。

练习：it, is, if, big, this, give, city, ill, film, sit, bit, miss

fifth, live, kid, will, ship, fill, dig, win, in, sick

slip, lid, bid, little, thin, think, listen, hit, rich, busy

[ɔ:] 发音方法：双唇收小，并向前突出。

练习：horse, saw, thought, course, salt, tall, hall, wall, walk

raw, sport, more, short, draw, storm, call

caught, bought, door, board, awful, author, floor

[ɔ] 发音方法：发音时嘴巴张大，双唇圆形。

练习：dog, hot, honest, lot, got, job, shop, soft, top, lost

hot, box, lock, dot, cost, stop, spot, clock, orange

bottle, doctor, not, dock, coffee, problem, watch

[u:] 发音方法：发音时舌后部抬起，双唇圆形并突出，拖长音，类似中文“wu”。

练习：food, noon, moon, pool, tooth, loose, too, soon, rule

soup, cool, shoes, fool, goose, foolish, choose

mood, root, lose, tool, food, room, whose, shoot

[u] 发音方法：发音时舌后部抬起，双唇圆形，发音短促。

练习：could, book, took, cook, put, pull, full, foot

would, push, football, wolf, goodbye

should, look, good, sugar, woman

[ʒ:] 发音方法：嘴形扁平，上下齿微张，拖长音。

练习：turn, hurt, first, firm, girl, bird, work, word, worst, bird

were, dirty, person, serve, early, thirsty, service, urge, burn

worm, determines, dessert, earn, shirt, church, skirt, emerge

[ə] 发音方法：嘴唇微张，口腔自然放松发声，发音短促。

练习：better, worker, welcome, ago, danger, doctor, color, butter

picture, mother, Saturday, teacher, among, famous, again, never

sugar, suppose, asleep, reader, forget, about, polite, nurse

[ɑ:] 发音方法：发音时嘴巴尽量张最大，舌尖不抵下齿，发音饱满。

练习：heart, far, park, farm, car, dark, pass, hard, father

star, last, bar, glass, arm, harm, half, art

article, argument, dance, large, smart, garden, master

[ʌ] 发音方法：发音时嘴巴微张，舌稍抬起。

练习：must, does, suffer, bus, gun, hut, shut, public

cut, some, come, couple, but, money, honey, won, month

luck, up, nut, above, fun, stuck, duck, ugly, custom, cup

[e] 发音方法：舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起，双唇向两侧稍用力。

练习：get, let, text, desk, egg, set, bed, head

many, nest, any, help, together, when, net

weather, never, health, dead, best, check

[æ] 发音方法：发音时嘴巴张大，双唇向两侧稍用力，舌尖抵下齿。

练习：fat, had, hat, cat, map, at, absent

apple, action, bad, stand, sad, hand, dad, back

glad, bag, family, man, gap, mad, happy, jacket

[eI] 发音方法：双元音，先发[e]音，然后滑向[i]音。双唇稍扁，口形从半开到合。

练习：pain, taste, shade, sail, train, ate, wait, late, away

may, age, paper, take, make, cake, vacation, date

afraid, neighbor, bake, state, eight, plane, mate

[aI] 发音方法：先发[a]音，然后滑向[I]音。舌尖抵住下齿。[a]音要饱满，嘴巴张大，再从开到合的滑动。

练习：height, night, glide, side, hiking, drive, ride

sky, nice, kite, bite, dive, sky, why, tonight, mice

like, time, try, bye, mind, tired, hide, write, bike

[ɔI] 发音方法：先发[ɔ]的音，再滑向[]，发音时双唇从圆到扁，口形从开到合。

练习：choice, boy, voice, join, oil, poison, annoy

loyal, noise, coin, toy, joy, destroy, moist

boil, avoid, point, employ, appointment, spoil

[Iə] 发音方法：由第一个音[i]向[ə]滑动，双唇始终半开，口形由大到小。

练习：hear, area, near, tear, idea, deer

dear, clear, cheer, fierce, fear, sincere

nuclear, really, atmosphere, rear

[εə] 发音方法：先发前元音[e]，同时舌尖轻触下齿，再滑向[ə]音，发音过程中双唇半开。

练习：share, air, dare, wear, dairy, care, repair

hair, where, fair, vary, their, bear, compare, stair

prepare, scary, affair, swear, there, aware

[ʊə] 发音方法：先发[ʊ]的音，然后慢慢滑向[ə] 的音。

练习：tour, surely, poor, ensure

spiritual, eventually

secure, intellectual, actually

[aʊ] 发音方法：先发[a], 注意发音饱满, 嘴巴张大, 再发[ʊ]。

练习：cow, crowd, amount, house, how, around, hour

tower, mouse, count, power, about, doubt

mount, out, clown, surround, towel, bounce

[əʊ] 发音方法：舌位由半低到高，口形由半开到小。

练习：smoke, so, boat, yellow, host, coat, grow

note, toe, goat, road, phone, note, cold, rope, sorrow

globe, swallow, follow, flow, role, hole

■ 易混淆元音辨析

[i:] & [I]

发音区别：[i:]嘴角向两边张开,向两侧用力。[I]口形偏平，发音短促。

练习：bee, big, feet, fit, keep, kit, key, kid, team, bit

meet, miss, these, this, eat, ill, see, sick, seat, sit

sheep, ship, slip, sleep, bean, busy, piece, pity

[e] & [æ]

发音区别：[e]口形偏小， [æ]口形偏大。

练习：get, glad, bed, bad, text, at, help, happy, egg, atom

send, sand, set, sad, head, hand, pet, pat, net, mad

fetter, fat, heck, hat, peck, pack, pen, pan, wreck, rash

[e] & [aI]

发音区别：[e]口形扁小，发音短促，[aI]双元音，有滑动。

练习：get, guide, best, bike, tear, tire, help, hi, egg, eye

send, side, set, site, bed, bide, head, hide, reck, ride

breath, bite, dead, die, any, ice, many, mind, let, like

[æ] & [e] & [aI]

发音区别：[æ]口形偏大，[e]口形扁小发音短促，[aI]双元音。

练习：glad, get, guide, bad, bet, bite, sand, send, signed

fat, fetter, fight, hat, heck, hide, pat, peck, pike

pan, pen, pine, rash, wreck, ride, mad, net, night

[ aʊ] &[əʊ] &[ɔː] &[ɔ]

发音区别： [aʊ]由第一个音向第二个音滑动，发音饱满，嘴巴张大。 [əʊ]舌位由半低到高，口形由半开到小。 [ɔː]双唇圆形并突出。 [ɔ]发音时口张大，双唇圆形。

练习：cow, code, corn, cost, mouse, most, morning, mock

couch, coat, course, cop, plough, flow, floor, flock

house, host, short, sock, crowd, crow, caught, cock

[i:] & [I] & [e] & [ʌ]

发音方法及区别：[i:]嘴唇微微张开，舌尖抵下齿，前舌尽量抬高，口形扁平，嘴角向两边张开。[i]舌尖抵下齿，舌两侧抵上齿两侧，口形偏平。[e]发音时舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起，唇形正常。[ʌ]发音时舌尖和舌端两侧轻触下齿，唇形稍扁。

练习：bee, bit, bet, but, feet, fit, fetter, fun, key, kit, keck, cut

meet, miss, mess, must, eat, it, egg, add, lean, in, end, up

piece, pit, pet, pup, team, tip, tell, tough, reason, rich, reck, rick